谈到anthropology，大家应该都熟悉，有朋友问ethnography，事实上what is a youth，这到底是咋回事？实际上courseteacher呢，今天给大家说说anthropology，快来了解一下吧
anthropology
美国乡村唯美风品牌-Anthropologie
Anthropologie在美国是一个家喻户晓的中高档休闲服装家居产品的品牌，创建于1992年，从属于UrbanOutfitters，创建人RichardHayne把Anthropologie定位于舒适而时尚的城市风格。他们销售的是一种生活态度，而不只是简单的商品。
这个地方估计没有几个中国人知道，我也是从青年旅舍前台知道的，而且被奉为必去之地。到Kunstkamera的俄罗斯青年人居多，大概都是来接受科学教育的。
Introduction to Anthropology
anthropology是什么意思
anthropology
[英][ˌænθrəˈpɒlədʒi][美][ˌænθrəˈpɑ:lədʒi]
n.
人类学;
双语例句
1
Also in the early1900s, French sociologist Emile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology.
事实上，所有这些文化的发展都在不同的时间发生在不同的地方。另外，在20世纪初，法国社会学家迪尔凯姆提出了一种可能会对人类学产生极大影响的文化理论。
WHAT IS ANTHROPOLOGY？什么是人类学
人类学顾名思义就是研究人类的本质的学科。从生物和文化的角度对人类进行全面研究的学科群，最早见于古希腊哲学家亚里士多德对具有高尚道德品质及行为的人的描述中。在19世纪以前，人类学这个词的用法相当于我们今天所说的体质人类学，尤其是指对人体解剖学和生理学的研究。
人类学（anthropology ）是从生物和文化的角度对人类进行全面研究的学科群。此词由anthropos和logos组成，从字面上理解就是有关人类的知识学问。最早见于古希腊哲学家亚里士多德对具有高尚道德品质及行为的人的描述中。1501年，德国学者亨德用这个词作为其研究人体解剖结构和生理著作的书名。因此
人类学
，在19世纪以前，人类学这个词的用法相当于如今所说的体质人类学，尤其是指对人体解剖学和生理学的研究。进入19世纪后，欧洲许多学者开始对考古学化石遗骨的发现感兴趣，这些遗骨常伴有人工制品，而这些制品在如今的原始民族中仍在使用，所以学者们开始注意如今原始种族的体质类型和原始社会的文化的报道。这些情况最初是由探险家、传教士、海员等带到欧洲的，尔后人类学家也亲自到异文化中去搜集这方面的材料。因此，人类学中止了仅仅关注人类解剖学和生理学的传统，而进一步从体质、文化、考古和语言诸方面对人类进行广泛综合的研究。当然，由于各国学术传统的差异，对人类学的名称及各分支学科有不同的理解，在欧洲大陆，人类学一词仅作狭义的解释，即专指对人类体质方面的研究，对人类文化方面的研究则称为民族学。总之，十九世纪中叶以后，人类学发展成为主要发掘人类社会“原生形态”的一门学科。
和其他学科相比，人类学田野工作[field work] 是人类学最特色的。人类学家进入要研究的文化群体，对这一族群及其文化进行的调查和研究，被称为田野工作。他的特征是研究者长期与被研究者居住在一起，参与观察当地的生活，研究其社会结构，了解当地人的思想观念，以达到研究者应该有的工作需要。他是研究者收集资料和建立理论规则的主要依据。文化人类学的田野工作开始于摩尔根《morgan》的对易洛魁人的实地调查。如今的田野工作新趋势是“逐渐着重于特定问题或理论的探讨”。利用现代的仪器方法。田野工作既是一个人为的过程，也是一个科学的过程，它是文化人类学的核心。
人类学（anthropology）一词，起源于希腊文“ανθρωπο（anthrōpos，人）”以及“λογο（-logia，学科）”，意思是研究人的学科。这个学科名称首次出现于德国哲学家亨德在1501年的作品《人类学——关于人的优点、本质和特性、以及人的成分、部位和要素》( Antropologium de hominis dignitate, natura et proprietatibus, de elementis, partibus et membris humani corporis)，当时人类学这个字指的是人的体质构造。
当代人类学具有自然科学、人文学与社会科学的源头。它的研究主题有两个面向：一个是人类的生物性和文化性，一个是追溯人类特质的源头与演变。民族志（ethnography）同时指称人类学的主要研究方法，以及依据人类学研究而书写的文本。从事人类学研究的专家则称为人类学家（anthropologist）。
人类学的基本关注问题是：什么是智人的定义？谁是现代智人的祖先？人类的体质特征是什么？人类如何做出行为？为什么在人类不同群体之中，有着许多变异与差异？智人在过去的演化历程，如何影响其社会组织与文化？
高人帮忙翻一下吧。。谢谢
人类学从其定义来说就是不可能的，只要关于我们自己和原始人、我们自己和野蛮人、我们自己和异教徒之间的区别一直在人们的观念里摇摆不定。首先必须要达到的文明程度是我们不再将我们的信仰认为是优于我们周围的人群的迷信，（才可能明确人类学的定义）。必须承认这些制度都是基于相同的前提。让我们承认所有这些超自然的观念必须放到一起来考量，将我们自己的观念放到其他所有人群的观念中去考量。
注：个人认为这是一篇关于消除人类文明歧视的文章，因为在很长时间里，西方国家认为他们自己才是世界文明的代表，而与他们不同的国家与民族的文化都是未开化的而被认为是野蛮人。
anthropology什么意思
anthropology
[英]ˌænθrəˈpɒlədʒi
[美]ˌænθrəˈpɑ:lədʒi
n. 人类学
[例句]Anthropology and neuroscience are also small but growing influences.
人类学和神经学对它的影响，虽然现在不大，也正在增强。
Course texts James, A.B. Introduction to Anthropology. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 1999 K
New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1991.
纽约是出版商McGraw-Hill, Inc.的所在地，1991是该书的出版时间
New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 1999
同样，New York是出版公司Holt, Rinehart and Winston所在地，1999是出版时间
前面的是作者名字
许烺光的研究成果
1943《中国西南新工业中的劳工与劳工关系》Labor and Labor Relations in the New Industries of Southwest China, editor. New York: Institute of Pacific Relations (45 pages).
1945《昆厂劳工》China Enters the Machine Age, by Kuo-heng Shih(史国衡).Co-editor with Hsiao-tung Fei(费孝通). Cambridge, Massachusetts：Harvard University Press(206 pages).
1954《文化与人格的面向》Aspects of Culture and Personality, editor. A symposium with the collaboration of twenty-seven scholars in the fields of anthropology, sociology, psychology, psychoanalysis and psychiatry. New York: Abelard-Schuman, Inc. (305pages)
1961《心理人类学：研究文化与人格的途径》Psychological Anthropology：Approaches to Culture and Personality, editor and contributor. Homwood, Illinois: Dorsey Press (507 pages).
1971《亲属关系与文化》Kinship and Culture, editor and contributor. Results of a symposium on Hsu’s Dominant Dyad Hypothesis. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Co. (510 pages).
1979《移山：中国文化变迁》Moving a Mountain: Culture Change in China, contributor and editor, with Godwin C. Chu(朱谦) Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press (446 pages).
1983《中国新社会结构》China’s New Social Fabric. Co-editor with Godwin C.Chu(朱谦).London: Routledge and Kegan Paul (293 pages).
1985《文化与自我：亚洲人与西方人的视角》Culture and Self: Asian and Western Perspectives. Co-editor and contributor, with Anthony Marsella and George DeVos.London and New York: Tavistock Publications (321 pages).
1985《海外华人对家庭、亲属关系及种族之认同》Family, Kinship and Ethnic Identity Among the Overseas Chinese. Co-editor with Hendrick Serrie. Special Issue of Journal of Comparative Family Studies, Vol.XVI, No.2, Summer (292 pages) 1939<一个精神疾病个案简报：北平警方协助的案例>“A Brief Report on the Police Cooperation in Connection with Mental Cases in Peiping,” in Social and Psychological Studies in Neuropsychiatry in China, edited by R.S. Lyman et a1. Published for the Division of Neuropsychiatry, Peking Union Medical College, by Henri Vetch, Peking China.
1948<变化中的中国家庭>“The Changing Chinese Family, ” The Family, ItsFunction and Destiny, edited by Ruth N. Ashen, New York: Harper Bros, pp.123-145.
1949<中国>“China”in Most of the World, edited by Ralph Linton. New York：Columbia University Press, pp.731-813.
1954<文化因素>“Cultural Factors,” in Harold Williamson and John Buttrick, editors, Economic Development: Principles and Patterns. New York: Prentice-Hall.pp.318-364.
1955<一个中国小城流行之霍乱的疫情>“A Cholera Epidemic in a Chinese Town, ” in Health, Culture and Community, edited by Benjamin D.Paul. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. pp.135-154.
1961<人类学科学>“Anthropological Sciences, ”in Sciences in Communist China, edited by Sidney H.Gould, Publication No.68 of AAAS. Washington, DC., pp.129-160.
1963<中国社会流动>“Social Mobility in China”(1949), reprinted as<趋势下流勤模式>“Patterns of Downward Mobility, ” in The Chinese Civil Service：Career Open to Talent?, edited by Johannan M.Menzel, Problems in Asian Civilizations Series. Boston: D.C. Heath and Co., pp.4l-48.
1963<文化模式与青少年行为>“Culture Patterns and Adolescent Behavior,” reprinted in Studies in Adolescence, edited by Robert E. Grinder. New York：MacMillan Co., pp.59-75.
1964<经由跨学科合作达到文明比较研究的目的>“On Behalf of Comparative Civilizations through Intellectual Cooperation between Disciplines, ” in Approaches to Asian Civilization, edited by William Theodore de Bary and Ainslie T. Embree. New York: Columbia University Press, pp.208-218.
1965<抑制与压抑：对四种文化的心理学阐释>“Suppression Versus Repression: A Limited Psychological Interpretation of Four Cultures,” in Readings for Introductory Psychology, edited by Richard C.Teeven and Robert C.Birney. New York: Harcourt, Brace&World, pp.494-504. (Reprint of 1949 article.)
1968<传统形式的中国家庭>“The Family in China: the Classical Form,”in Population in Perspective, edited by Louse B. Young(杨民). New York: Oxford University Press, pp.259-262. (Reprint of“The Changing Chinese Family”article, 1948.)
1968<亲属关系与生活方式之探讨>“Kinship and Ways of Life: An Exploration, ” reprinted in Social and Cultural Foundation of Guidance: A Sourcebook, edited by Ester Lloyd. Jone and Norah Rosenau. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, pp.226-258.
1968<‘原始’观念的再思考>“Rethinking the Concept‘Primitive’,” reprinted in The Concept of Primitive, edited by Ashley Montagu. New York: Free Press. pp.32-63.
1968<祖荫下：中国的家庭与宗教>“The Ancestors‘Shadow: Family and Religion in China,” in Studies in Social and Cultural Anthropology, edited by John Middleton. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., pp.156-174. (Reprint of Chapter 9 of Under the Ancestors’ Shadow, 1948,1967.)
1968<华人亲属关系与华人行为>“Chinese Kinship and Chinese Behavior, ” in Ping-ti Ho(何炳棣)and Tang Tsou, editors, China in Crisis, Vol.1: China’s Heritage and the Communist Political System. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp.579-608.
1969<基督教与人类学家>“Christianity and the Anthropologist, ” in Anthropology and Archaeology, edited by M. C. Pradham, R. D. Singh, P. K. Misra, and D. B. Sastry. London: Oxford University Press, pp.203-228. (Reprint of 1967 article.)
1970<中国人与美国人：对比的起源>“Americans and Chinese: The Beginnings of Contrast, ” in The Character of Americans, edited by Michael McGiffert. Homewood. Illinois: The Dorsey Press, pp.157-169. (Reprint of an abridged version of Chapter 3 of the 1953 book.)
1970<有文字文明的研究方法>“Methodology in the Study of Literate Civilizations,” in A Handbook of Method in Cultural Anthropology. New York: Natural History Press, pp.527-536. (Columbia University Press, 1973.)
1971<美国核心价值与国民性>“American Core Value and National Character.” in The Character of Americans, edited by Michael McGiffprt. Homewood, Illinois: The Dorsey Press, pp.231-249. (Reprint of Chapter 7 of Psychological Anthropology, 1961.)
1971<精神病院引进变革>“Introducing Change in a Mental Hospital, ” in Social System Perspectives in Residential Institutions, edited by Howard W. Polsky, Daniel S. Clasater and Carl Goldbert. East Lansing：Michigan State University. pp.151-160. (Reprint of l 960 article.)
1974<文化模式与青少年行为>“Culture Patterns and Adolescent Behavior, ” reprinted in Youth Culture: A Human Development Approach, edited by Hazel V. Kraemer. Monterey, California: Brooks/Cole Publishing Co., pp.175-199.
1975<美国核心价值与国民性>“American Core value and National Character, ” in The Nacirema, edited by James P. Spradley and Michael A. Rynkiewich. Boston：Little Brown & Co.,pp.378-394. (Reprint Of Chapter 7 of Psychological Anthropology,1961.)
1976<在美国讲授汉语与中国文化的老师>“The Teacher of Chinese Language and Culture in America,” in The Chinese in America edited by Paul K.T. Sih and Leonard B. Allen. Jamaica, New York: Johns’ University Press, pp.99-112.
1977<华北的饮食>“Food and Drink in North China, ” with Vera Y.N. Hsu(董一男), in Food in Chinese Culture：Anthropological and Historical Perspectives, edited by K. C. Chang(张光直). New Haven: Yale University Press, pp.295-316.
1977<前提假设的再思考>“Rethinking Our Premises, ” in Anthropology and Mental Health: Setting“New Course, edited by Joseph Westermeyer, The Hague: Mouton, pp.55-61.
1978<理解之路>“Passage to Understanding,” in The Making of Psychological Anthropology, edited by George Spindler. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp.140-173.
1979<美国家庭根源：由挪亚到现在>“Roots of the American Family: From Noah to Now,” in Kin and Communities: Families in America, edited by Allan Lichtman and Joan Challinor. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, pp.219-236.
1982<1880年至1980年新机内亚华人之前言>“Foreword” to The Chinese in Papua New Guinea: 1880-1980, by David Y. H. Wu. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, pp.11-16.
1982<中国的新社会结构>“China’s New Social Fabric, ” with Godwin C. Chu(朱谦), Chapter 2 in China and the Nations of the Pacific, edited by Harrison Brown. Boulder, Colorado: westview Press, pp.15-46.
1982<家庭与儿童：都市化或文化?>“Family and Child: Urbanization or Culture?” in The Child and the City: International Symposium, edited by National Institute for Research Advancement and International Pediatric Association. Tokyo: NIRA, pp.5 l-54.
1982<文化变迁：神话及现实>“Culture Change: Myth and Reality,” in R.O.C&U.S.A.: 1911-1981, edited by Tung—shun Sun (孙同勋) and Morris Wei-hsin Tien (田维新).Taipei: The American Studies Association, Academia Sinica (中央研究院), pp.335-348.
1985 <田野工作、文化差异及解释>“Field Work, Cultural Differences and Interpretation, ” in The Chinese Family., and Its Ritual Behavior (中国家族及其仪式行为) edited by Hsieh Jih.chang (谢继昌) and Chuang Ying.chang (荘英章).Taipei: Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica (中央研究院民族学研究所), pp.19-29.
1986<儒家思想与其受文化支配之表现>“Confucianism and Its Culturally, Determined Manifestations, ” in The Psychocultural Dynamics of the Confucian Family：Past and Present, edited by Walter H. Slote, International Cultural Society of Korea. Seoul, Korea, pp.23-46.
1987<阶层、种姓与种姓主义>“Class, Caste and Casteism”, in Paul Hockings(ed.) Dimensions of Social Life, Essays in Honor of David Mandelbaum. Berlin：Mouton de Cruyter, pp.601-615.
1998<儒家思想与比较的内容>“Confucianism and Comparative Context” in Confucianism and the Family edited by, Walter H. Slote, and George A. DeVos, Albany, NY: State Univ. of New York Press, 1998, pp. 53-71. (Reprint of“Confucianism and Its Culturally, Determined Manifestations”article, 1986.) 1939<警方协助北平精神疾病个案简报>“A Brief Report on the Police Cooperation in Connection with Mental Cases in Peiping, ” in Social and Psychological Studies in Neuropsychiatry in China, edited by R.S. Lyman et a1. Published for the Division of Neuropsychiatry, Peking Union Medical College, by Henri Vetch, Peking China.
1940<中国新社会精神>“China’s New Social Spirit, ” in ASIA, September,1942, pp.506-509.
1940<华北农村乱伦禁忌之问题>“The Problem of Incest Taboo in a North China Village,” American Anthropologist, January, pp.122-135.
1940<有关中国古代亲属关系与婚姻关系的问题>“Concerning the Question of Matrimonial Categories and Kinship Relationships in Ancient China.” T’ien Hsia Monthly(天下月刊), Vol.XI, Nos.3 and 4, pp.1-37.
1942<亲属称谓的不同功能>“The Differential Functions of Relationship Terms,” American Anthropologist, Vol.44, No.2, pp.248-256.
1942<社会学中所谓‘典型’的意义>“The Meaning of ‘Typical’ in Sociology,” in Tenth Anniversary volume of Sino-British Foundation, Chungking.
1943<中国家庭人数的神话>“The Myth of Chinese Family Size, ” American Journal of Sociology, March, pp.555-562.
1943<原始社区的工作动机>“Incentives to Work in Primitive Communities, ” American Sociological Review, December, pp.638-642.
l944<今日中国法律执行的若干问题>“Some Problems of Chinese Law in Operation Today,” Far Eastern Quarterly, May, pp.211-221.
1945<中国表兄妹婚姻的观察报告>“Observations on Cross-Cousin Marriage in China,” American Anthropologist, January, pp.81-103.
1945<现代中国的教育问题>“The Problem of Education in Contemporary China, Publishing Co. (260Pages). Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, Series II, Vol.8, No.2, December, pp.82-90.
1945 <西城屠户的亲属关系与公会组织>“Guild and Kinship Among Butchers in West Town,”(with J.H.Hu), American Sociological Review, June, pp.357-364.
1945<南洋侨民对中国特定省份的影响>“Influence of South Seas Emigration on Certain Chinese Provinces,” Far Eastern Quarterly November. pp.47-59.
1946<近距离检视中国问题>“A Closer View of China’s Problems, ” Far Eastern Quarterly, November, pp.50-64.
1947<研究关系名称的技巧>“On a Technique for Studying Relationship Terms,” American Anthropologist, Vol.49, No.4, pp.618-624.
1949<抑制与压抑：对四种文化的心理学阐释>“Suppression Versus Repression：A Limited Psychological Interpretation of four Cultures,” Psychiatry, Vol.XII, pp.223-242.
1949<罗夏克测验显示出的某些中国人的人格特征>“Some Aspects of Personality of Chinese as Revealed by the Rorschach Test,”(with Theodora M. Abel), Rorschach Research Exchange and the Journal of Projective Techniques, Vol.XIII, pp.285-301.
1949<中国社会流动>“Social Mobility in China,” American Sociological Review, Vol.XIV, pp.764-771.
195l<夏威夷华人在美国文化中的角色>“The Chinese in Hawaii: Their Role in American Culture, ” Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, Series II, Vol.13, No.6, April, pp.243-250.
195l <性犯罪与人格>“Sex Crime and Personality, ” The American Scholar Winter, pp.57-66
1952<人类学或精神病学>“Anthropology or Psychiatry,” Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, Vol.8, pp.227-250.
1953<中国>“China” in International Directory of Anthropological Institutions, published by Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, Inc., New York, pp.55-57.
1954<文化因素>“Cultural Factors,” in Harold Williamson and John Buttrick, editors, Economic Development: Principles and Patterns. New York: Prentice-Hall. pp.318-364.
1955<一位人类学家对于未来人格研究的看法>“An Anthropologist’s View of the Future of Personality Studies,” Psychiatric Research Reports. No.2, American Psychiatric Association, December, pp.155-168.
1958<禁忌>“Taboo, ” in What’s New, Summer No.206, pp.12-15.
1959<结构、功能、内容与进程>“Structure, Function, Content and Process, ” American Anthropologist, Vol.61, pp.790-850.
1960<巫术研究中被忽略部分>“A Neglected Aspect of Witchcraft Studies, ” Journal of American Folklore, Vol.73, No.287, pp.35-38.
1960<彻底个人主义之省思>“Rugged Individualism Reconsidered.” The Colorado Quarterly, Vol.IX, pp.143-162.
1960<东西文化差异及其对今日世界的意义>“Cultural Differences between East and West and Their Significance for the World Today.” Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies(清华学报), New Series, II, No.1, pp.216-237.
1960<精神病院引进变革>“Introducing Change in a Mental Hospital, ” with Paul C. Agnew, Human Organization, Winter, Vol.19, No.4, pp.195-198.
1961<人类学、社会学与精神病学>“Anthropo-Socio-Psychiatrics, ” Contemporary psychology, Vol.VI, pp.7-8.
1961<文化模式与青少年行为>“Culture Pattern and Adolescent Behavior, ” with Blanche Watrous and Edith Lord, International Journal of Social Psychiatry, Vol.7, pp. 33-53.
1964<‘原始’观念的再思考>“Rethinking the Concept ‘Primitive’,” Current Anthropology, Vol.5, No.3, pp.169-178.
1965<优势亲属关系对亲属关系与非亲属关系行为的影响：一个假设>“The Effect Of Dominant Kinship Relationships on Kin and Non.kin Behavior: A Hypothesis, ” American Anthropologist, Vol.67, pp.638-61.
1966<优势亲属关系与优势概念>“Dominant Kin Relationships and Dominant Ideas, ” Brief Communication, American Anthropologist,Vol.68, pp.997-1104.
1966<美国与中国：相互隔绝的心理社会因素>“The U.S. and China：Psycho-cultural Factors for Mutual Isolation, ” Northwestern Review, Vol.2, pp.2-110.
1967<基督教与人类学家>“Christianity and the Anthropologist, ” International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Vol. VIII, pp.1-19.
1969<祖先崇拜信念及其与亲属关系之变异>“Variations in Ancestor Worship Beliefs and Their Relation to Kinship,” with Terrence Tatje, Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, Vol.25, pp.153-l 72.
1971<心理社会均衡与“人”：进一步研究心理人类学的概念工具>“Psychological Homeostasis and Jen: Conceptual Tools for Advancing Psychological Anthropology,” American Anthropologist.Vol.73, No.1, pp.23-44.
1972<中日两国的孝道：两者之异同与意义>“Filial Piety in Japan and China：Borrowing, Variation, and Significance, ” Journal of Comparative Family Studies(University of Calgary, Canada), Vol. II, No.1, Spring, pp.67-74.
1973<美国人类学的偏见及其影响>“Prejudice and Its Intellectual Effect on American Anthropology: An Ethnographic Report, ”American Anthropologist, Vol.75, No.1, February, pp.1-19.
1973<亲属关系是研究的核心>“Kinship Is the Key, ” The Center Magazine, Vol.VI, No.6.November-December, pp.4-l4.
1974<文化间的了解：真与伪>“Inter-Cultural Understanding: Genuine and spurious, ” Speech delivered at Cubberly Conference, School of Education, Stanford University, June 28, 1973, and published as Occasional Paper Number Five. Evanston, Illinois: The Center for the Teaching Professions, Northwestern University.
1974<亲属关系、心理社会均衡与学习>“Kinship, Psychosocial Homeostasis (PSH)and Learning, ” in Cultural Factors in Learning, and Education, Fifth Symposium on Learning, Western Washington State college, Bellingham, Washington, pp. 163-176.
1975<人类学研究美国人的生活需要跨文化的视角>“The Anthropology of American Life is in Need of the Cross-Cultural cPerspective, ” with Eileen Hsu-Balzer(许仪南), in Reviews in Anthropology.Vol.2, No.1,February,pp.13-24.
1976<大学教授在中国与美国文化中的意义> “The Meaning of the University Teacher in Chinese and American Cultures, ”(中文), in World Today(今日世界).Hong Kong, pp.20-21.
1977<文化间的了解：真与伪>“Intercultural Understanding: Genuine and Spurious, ” reprint of l974 article, in Anthropology and Education Quarterly), November, Vol. VIII, No.4, pp.202-209.
1977<个人实现、社会安定与文化进步>“Individual Fulfillment, Social Stability and Cultural Progress, ” in We, The People：American Character and Social Change, edited by Gordon J. Dordon. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, Chapter 5, pp.95-114.
1977<角色、情感及人类学>“Role, Affect, and Anthropology, ” in American Anthropologist(Guest Editorial), Vol.79, No.4, December pp.805-808.
1978<讲授人文科学的艺术>“The Art of Teaching the Human Science,” in Change, Report on Teaching, No.5, Vol.10, No.11, January, pp.6-7.
1979<文化人类学家的文化问题>“The Cultural Problem of the Cultural Anthropologist, ” in American Anthropologist, Vol.8 l, No.3, September, pp.517-532.
1979<中国扩张主义的神话>“The Myth of Chinese Expansionism, ” Journal of Asian and African Studies, Vol. XIII, Nos.2-4, pp.184-195.
1980<米德与心理人类学>“Margaret Mead and Psychological Anthropology, ” American Anthropologist (In Memoriam, Margaret Mead 1901- 1978), Vol.82, No.2, pp.349-353.
1981<价值及其社会母体>“Values and Their Social Matrix”, Japanese Economics News, January 3, l981 (the Keynote Address at the Second International Conference on Values, in October, 1980, sponsored by the United National University, Tsukuba University and the Leisure Development Center), (in Japanese).Printed in full in International Conference on Values Report, Vol..I, pp.56-77.Tokyo: Diamond Company (in Japanese). Also printed in full in International Conference on Human Values, pp.15-21(in English).Tokyo: Secretariat of the 1980 International Conference on Human Values, c/o The Leisure Development Center, Tokyo.
1981<中国：过去与现在>“China: Past and Present, ”The Creative World (a journal), Kyoto, No.37, January, pp.6-19. (a special lecture sponsored by the Journal in October, 1980.) (In Japanese).
1982<比较方法之重要性及其缺失>“The Comparative Method：Its Importance and Pitfalls, ” in Newsletter of Chinese Ethnology (中国民族学通讯) Taipei, Taiwan, No.1 8, December 25.1982.
1989<机会、偏见与文化差异>“Opportunity, Prejudice and Cultural Differences,” in Journal of Overseas Chinese Studies (海外华人研究), Taipei, Taiwan, pp.1-33.
不含书评
archaeology and anthropology啥意思
archaeology and anthropology
考古学与人类学
